FIBULA

• 📌Location: Lateral side of the leg (outside).

• 📌Function: Primarily provides muscle attachment; bears only a small portion of body weight.

• 📌Length: Runs parallel to the tibia.

Parts of the Fibula:

🔺Proximal End (Upper):

• 📌Head of Fibula: Articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia at the proximal tibiofibular joint.

• 📌Neck of Fibula: Just below the head; the common peroneal nerve winds around it (a key clinical landmark).

📌Shaft (Body):

• 📌Long, thin central portion.

• 📌Has three borders (anterior, interosseous, posterior).

• 📌Surfaces serve as muscle attachment sites.

🔺Distal End (Lower):

• 📌Lateral Malleolus: Forms the outer part of the ankle joint; articulates with the talus.

• 📌Provides lateral stability to the ankle.

Joints:

• 🔺Proximal Tibiofibular Joint: Synovial joint with the tibia.

• 🔺Distal Tibiofibular Joint: Fibrous joint helping stabilize the ankle.

• 🔺Interosseous Membrane: Connects the fibula and tibia along the shaft.

Muscle Attachments:

• 📌Anterior Compartment: (e.g., extensor digitorum longus).

• 📌Lateral Compartment: (e.g., fibularis longus and brevis).

• 📌Posterior Compartment: (e.g., tibialis posterior, soleus).

BLOOD SUPPLY:

• 📌Primarily from the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries, which are branches of the deep femoral artery.

• 📌Along with contributions from the superior and inferior gluteal arteries.

• 📌The artery of the ligamentum teres, especially in children.

VENOUS SUPPLY:

• 📌The venous blood supply of the fibula primarily relies on the fibular (peroneal) veins.

• 📌These veins drain into the posterior tibial veins, which then contribute to the popliteal vein.

• 📌The fibular veins receive tributaries from the soleus and superficial veins in the area.

NERVE SUPPLY OF FIBULA:

• 📌Superficial fibular nerve.

• 📌Deep fibular nerve.

Sensory Innervation:

• 📌Superficial fibular nerve.

• 📌Deep fibular nerve.

• 📌Lateral sural cutaneous nerve.

• 📌Medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FIBULA:

📌Fractures:

• Fibular fractures are common injuries, often occurring with ankle sprains or other trauma.

📌Syndesmotic Injuries:

• Injuries to the tibiofibular syndesmosis, also known as a "high ankle sprain," can lead to ankle instability.

📌Bone Graft:

• The fibula can be used as a source of bone graft material for other areas of the body, particularly in reconstructive surgeries.

📌Fibula Flap:

• The fibula can be used as a versatile flap, providing bone and soft tissue for reconstruction in the head, neck, and extremities.

📌Diagnosis and Treatment of Knee Pathology:

• The fibula may play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of knee pathology.

📌Muscle Attachments:

• The fibula provides attachment points for muscles, including the peroneal (fibularis) longus and brevis muscles, which are important for ankle and foot movements.